Crystal structures of a tetrahedral open pore ferritin from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus

Ferritins are known as important iron storage/detoxification proteins and are widely found in living organisms. This report details the 2.1 angstrom resolution native and 2.7 angstrom resolution iron bound structures of the ferritin from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Archaeogiobus fulgidus, and represents the first structure of a ferritin from an archaeon, or a hyperthermophilic organism. The A. fulgidus ferritin (AfFtn) monomer has a high degree of structural similarity with archetypal ferritins from E. coli and humans, but the AfFtn quaternary structure is novel; 24 subunits assemble into a shell having tetrahedral (2-3) rather than the canonical octahedral (4-3-2) symmetry of archetypal ferritins. The difference in assembly opens four large (similar to 45 angstrom) pores in the AfFtn shell. Two nonconservative amino acid substitutions may be critical for stabilizing the tetrahedral form.