RAS mutations in human cancers: Roles in precision medicine

被引:96
作者
Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan [1 ,3 ]
Grieco, Michele [2 ]
Tsuchida, Nobuo [1 ]
机构
[1] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Mol Cellular Oncol & Microbiol, Bunkyo Ku, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 1138549, Japan
[2] Seconda Univ Napoli, DiSTABiF, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Ambientali Biol & Farma, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
[3] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Mol Oncol, POB 3354,Res Ctr MBC 03, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
关键词
Mutation; Precision medicine; Oncogene; HRAS; KRAS; NRAS; Cancer; Personalized medicine; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; K-RAS; SARCOMA-VIRUS; TRANSFORMING GENE; HUMAN BLADDER; CELL-LINES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LUNG-CARCINOMA; KRAS MUTATION; MALIGNANT ACTIVATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.007
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Ras proteins play a crucial role as a central component of the cellular networks controlling a variety of signaling pathways that regulate growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangements and motility of a cell. Almost, 4 decades passed since Ras research was started and ras genes were originally discovered as retroviral oncogenes. Later on, mutations of the human RAS genes were linked to tumorigenesis. Genetic analyses found that RAS is one of the most deregulated oncogenes in human cancers. In this review, we summarize the pioneering works which allowed the discovery of RAS oncogenes, the finding of frequent mutations of RAS in various human cancers, the role of these mutations in tumorigenesis and mutation-activated signaling networks. We further describe the importance of RAS mutations in personalized or precision medicine particularly in molecular targeted therapy, as well as their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers as therapeutic determinants in human cancers.
引用
收藏
页码:23 / 35
页数:13
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