Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality

被引:59
作者
Hajek, Peter [1 ]
Link, Roman M. [2 ]
Nock, Charles A. [1 ,3 ]
Bauhus, Juergen [4 ]
Gebauer, Tobias [1 ]
Gessler, Arthur [5 ,6 ]
Kovach, Kyle [1 ,7 ]
Messier, Christian [8 ,9 ]
Paquette, Alain [8 ]
Saurer, Matthias [5 ]
Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael [1 ]
Rose, Laura [1 ]
Schuldt, Bernhard [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, Geobot, Schanzlestr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
[2] Univ Wurzburg, Julius von Sachs Inst Biol Sci, Chair Ecophysiol & Vegetat Ecol, Julius von Sachs Pl 3, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany
[3] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[4] Univ Freiburg, Chair Silviculture, Freiburg, Germany
[5] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Forest Dynam, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
[6] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Zurich, Switzerland
[7] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA
[8] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Forest Res, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[9] Univ Quebec Outaouais UQO, Inst Sci Foret Temperee ISFORT, Gatineau, PQ, Canada
关键词
carbon starvation; climate change; embolism resistance; hydraulic failure; IDENT; neighborhood interactions; non-structural carbohydrate dynamics; pest infestation; species mixture; tree mortality; TreeDivNet; XYLEM VULNERABILITY; CARBON STARVATION; HYDRAULIC FAILURE; NORWAY SPRUCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; EMBOLISM; INCREASE; PLANTS; WATER;
D O I
10.1111/gcb.16146
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change-type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought-induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought-induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
引用
收藏
页码:3365 / 3378
页数:14
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