Weeds and weed control as factors for game damage to and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

This research aims to determine the effect of weed management intensity and browsing by wild, even-toed hoofed mammals and on the growth of young trees in selected areas in the highlands of Drahanska vrchovina, the Czech Republic. Measurements were carried out in the stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) on an extensive forest clearing after a major wind throw (wind calamity). Treatments were applied to the area to control weeds (mowing and herbicide spraying) in various degrees of intensity (total, strips, spot). For comparison, a control area was left without any action against weeds. Height and thickness growth, mortality, and presence of game damage were recorded across the experiment. A rather high ground cover of weed (50%+) significantly slowed growth. Surprisingly, more frequent damage by game was encountered on areas with a greater presence of weeds. For beech, the results were not clear in terms of growing bigger. A significant extent of browsing was located on areas where there was less weed, i.e. areas with total treatment. Here, the positive influence of visibility of seedlings on the higher rate of browse was attested. The mortality was also more pronounced in areas with treatment carried out.