Surgical factors in the treatment of superficial and invasive bladder cancer

Successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on multiple factors involving both tumor and patient. These include features of the primary tumor (tumor type, stage, and grade); tumor biology (capacity to recur, invade, and metastasize); patient characteristics (general health and quality-of-life concerns); and treatment strategy (selection and type). Surgery remains the predominant treatment of primary, recurrent, and locally advanced bladder tumors, and mounting evidence suggests that surgical factors related to the quality of surgery influence bladder cancer outcomes. Regarding surgery, who performs it and how well it is done for both superficial and invasive bladder cancer matters [1].