Post-surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer with electronic brachytherapy: an intersociety, multicenter brachytherapy trial

Introduction: Electronic brachytherapy (EBT) was developed to allow accelerated partial breast irradiation to be performed in a patient procedure room with minimal shielding. This observational, nonrandomized, multicenter study evaluated EBT as a post-surgical adjuvant radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer. Methods: This study included women aged 50 years or more with invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ, tumor size <= 3 cm, negative lymph node status, and negative surgical margins. The endpoints were skin and subcutaneous toxicities, efficacy outcomes, cosmetic outcomes, and device performance. In this interim report, 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up data are available on 68, 59, and 37 patients, respectively. Results: The EBT device performed consistently, delivering the prescribed 34 Gy to all 69 patients (10 fractions/patient). Most adverse events were Grade 1 and included firmness, erythema, breast tenderness, hyperpigmentation, pruritis, field contracture, seroma, rash/desquamation, palpable mass, breast edema, hypopigmentation, telangiectasia, and blistering, which were anticipated. Breast infection occurred in two (2.9%) patients. No tumor recurrences were reported. Cosmetic outcomes were excellent or good in 83.9%-100% of evaluable patients at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. Conclusion: This observational, nonrandomized, multicenter study demonstrates that this EBT device was reliable and well tolerated as an adjuvant radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer.