Normal, dust-obscured galaxies in the epoch of reionization

被引：116

作者：

Fudamoto, Y. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Oesch, P. A. ^{[1
,4
]}

Schouws, S. ^{[5
]}

Stefanon, M. ^{[5
]}

Smit, R. ^{[6
]}

Bouwens, R. J. ^{[5
]}

Bowler, R. A. A. ^{[7
]}

Endsley, R. ^{[8
]}

Gonzalez, V. ^{[9
,10
]}

Inami, H. ^{[11
]}

Labbe, I. ^{[12
]}

Stark, D. ^{[8
]}

Aravena, M. ^{[13
]}

Barrufet, L. ^{[1
]}

da Cunha, E. ^{[14
,15
]}

Dayal, P. ^{[16
]}

Ferrara, A. ^{[17
]}

Graziani, L. ^{[18
,20
,27
]}

Hodge, J. ^{[5
]}

Hutter, A. ^{[16
]}

Li, Y. ^{[21
,22
]}

De Looze, I. ^{[23
,24
]}

Nanayakkara, T. ^{[12
]}

Pallottini, A. ^{[17
]}

Riechers, D. ^{[25
]}

Schneider, R. ^{[18
,19
,26
,27
]}

Ucci, G. ^{[16
]}

van der Werf, P. ^{[5
]}

White, C. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Versoix, Switzerland

[2] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan

[3] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

[4] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN, Copenhagen, Denmark

[5] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands

[6] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

[7] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg, Oxford, England

[8] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA

[9] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile

[10] Ctr Astrofis & Tecnol Afines CATA, Santiago, Chile

[11] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima, Japan

[12] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia

[13] Univ Diego Portales, Fac Ingn & Ciencias, Nucleo Astron, Santiago, Chile

[14] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA, Australia

[15] ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys 3 Dimens AST, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[16] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands

[17] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[18] Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy

[19] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Rome, Italy

[20] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Florence, Italy

[21] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[22] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[23] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, Ghent, Belgium

[24] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England

[25] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA

[26] Sapienza Sch Adv Studies, Rome, Italy

[27] INFN, Rome, Italy

来源：

NATURE | 2021年 / 597卷 / 7877期

关键词：

STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ALMA SURVEY; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; POPULATION; CONTINUUM; EMISSION; MODEL; MASS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-021-03846-z

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Two serendipitously detected dust-obscured galaxies are reported at z = 6.7 and 7.4, with estimates that such galaxies provide an additional 10-25% contribution to the total star formation rate density at z > 6. Over the past decades, rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) observations have provided large samples of UV luminous galaxies at redshift (z) greater than 6 (refs. (1-3)), during the so-called epoch of reionization. While a few of these UV-identified galaxies revealed substantial dust reservoirs(4-7), very heavily dust-obscured sources at these early times have remained elusive. They are limited to a rare population of extreme starburst galaxies(8-12) and companions of rare quasars(13,14). These studies conclude that the contribution of dust-obscured galaxies to the cosmic star formation rate density at z > 6 is sub-dominant. Recent ALMA and Spitzer observations have identified a more abundant, less extreme population of obscured galaxies at z = 3-6 (refs. (15,16)). However, this population has not been confirmed in the reionization epoch so far. Here, we report the discovery of two dust-obscured star-forming galaxies at z = 6.6813 +/- 0.0005 and z = 7.3521 +/- 0.0005. These objects are not detected in existing rest-frame UV data and were discovered only through their far-infrared [C ii] lines and dust continuum emission as companions to typical UV-luminous galaxies at the same redshift. The two galaxies exhibit lower infrared luminosities and star-formation rates than extreme starbursts, in line with typical star-forming galaxies at z approximate to 7. This population of heavily dust-obscured galaxies appears to contribute 10-25% to the z > 6 cosmic star formation rate density.

引用

页码：489 / +

页数：15

共 66 条

[1] The spatial clustering of star-forming galaxies at redshifts 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.5 [J].

Adelberger, KL ;

Steidel, CC ;

Pettini, M ;

Shapley, AE ;

Reddy, NA ;

Erb, DK .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 619 (02) :697-713

[2] First data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program [J].

Aihara, Hiroaki ;

Armstrong, Robert ;

Bickerton, Steven ;

Bosch, James ;

Coupon, Jean ;

Furusawa, Hisanori ;

Hayashi, Yusuke ;

Ikeda, Hiroyuki ;

Kamata, Yukiko ;

Karoji, Hiroshi ;

Kawanomoto, Satoshi ;

Koike, Michitaro ;

Komiyama, Yutaka ;

Lang, Dustin ;

Lupton, Robert H. ;

Mineo, Sogo ;

Miyatake, Hironao ;

Miyazaki, Satoshi ;

Morokuma, Tomoki ;

Obuchi, Yoshiyuki ;

Oishi, Yukie ;

Okura, Yuki ;

Price, Paul A. ;

Takata, Tadafumi ;

Tanaka, Manobu M. ;

Tanaka, Masayuki ;

Tanaka, Yoko ;

Uchida, Tomohisa ;

Uraguchi, Fumihiro ;

Utsumi, Yousuke ;

Wang, Shiang-Yu ;

Yamada, Yoshihiko ;

Yamanoi, Hitomi ;

Yasuda, Naoki ;

Arimoto, Nobuo ;

Chiba, Masashi ;

Finet, Francois ;

Fujimori, Hiroki ;

Fujimoto, Seiji ;

Furusawa, Junko ;

Goto, Tomotsugu ;

Goulding, Andy ;

Gunn, James E. ;

Harikane, Yuichi ;

Hattori, Takashi ;

Hayashi, Masao ;

Helminiak, Krzysztof G. ;

Higuchi, Ryo ;

Hikage, Chiaki ;

Ho, Paul T. P. .

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 2018, 70

[3] ALMA uncovers the [C II] emission and warm dust continuum in a z=8.31 Lyman break galaxy [J].

Bakx, Tom J. L. C. ;

Tamura, Yoichi ;

Hashimoto, Takuya ;

Inoue, Akio K. ;

Lee, Minju M. ;

Mawatari, Ken ;

Ota, Kazuaki ;

Umehata, Hideki ;

Zackrisson, Erik ;

Hatsukade, Bunyo ;

Kohno, Kotaro ;

Matsuda, Yuichi ;

Matsuo, Hiroshi ;

Okamoto, Takashi ;

Shibuya, Takatoshi ;

Shimizu, Ikkoh ;

Taniguchi, Yoshiaki ;

Yoshida, Naoki .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 493 (03) :4294-4307

[4] MEASUREMENT OF GALAXY CLUSTERING AT z ∼ 7.2 AND THE EVOLUTION OF GALAXY BIAS FROM 3.8 < z < 8 IN THE XDF, GOODS-S, AND GOODS-N [J].

Barone-Nugent, R. L. ;

Trenti, M. ;

Wyithe, J. S. B. ;

Bouwens, R. J. ;

Oesch, P. A. ;

Illingworth, G. D. ;

Carollo, C. M. ;

Su, J. ;

Stiavelli, M. ;

Labbe, I. ;

van Dokkum, P. G. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2014, 793 (01)

[5] Dusty galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization: simulations [J].

Behrens, C. ;

Pallottini, A. ;

Ferrara, A. ;

Gallerani, S. ;

Vallini, L. .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2018, 477 (01) :552-565

[6] Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation [J].

Bethermin, Matthieu ;

Daddi, Emanuele ;

Magdis, Georgios ;

Lagos, Claudia ;

Sargent, Mark ;

Albrecht, Marcus ;

Aussel, Herve ;

Bertoldi, Frank ;

Buat, Veronique ;

Galametz, Maud ;

Heinis, Sebastien ;

Ilbert, Olivier ;

Karim, Alexander ;

Koekemoer, Anton ;

Lacey, Cedric ;

Le Floc'h, Emeric ;

Navarrete, Felipe ;

Pannella, Maurilio ;

Schreiber, Corentin ;

Smolcic, Vernesa ;

Symeonidis, Myrto ;

Viero, Marco .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2015, 573

[7] Cosmic variance of z > 7 galaxies: prediction from BLUETIDES [J].

Bhowmick, Aklant K. ;

Somerville, Rachel S. ;

Di Matteo, Tiziana ;

Wilkins, Stephen ;

Feng, Yu ;

Tenneti, Ananth .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 496 (01) :754-766

[8] UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 4 TO z ∼ 10: 10,000 GALAXIES FROM HST LEGACY FIELDS [J].

Bouwens, R. J. ;

Illingworth, G. D. ;

Oesch, P. A. ;

Trenti, M. ;

Labbe, I. ;

Bradley, L. ;

Carollo, M. ;

van Dokkum, P. G. ;

Gonzalez, V. ;

Holwerda, B. ;

Franx, M. ;

Spitler, L. ;

Smit, R. ;

Magee, D. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2015, 803 (01) :1-49

[9]

Bouwens R. J., REIONIZATION ERA BRI

[10] A lack of evolution in the very bright end of the galaxy luminosity function from z ≃ 8 to 10 [J].

Bowler, R. A. A. ;

Jarvis, M. J. ;

Dunlop, J. S. ;

McLure, R. J. ;

McLeod, D. J. ;

Adams, N. J. ;

Milvang-Jensen, B. ;

McCracken, H. J. .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 493 (02) :2059-2084

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 →