Role of Systemic Inflammatory Reaction in Female Genital Organ Malignancies-State of the Art

The immune system has a two-fold role in the pathophysiology of neoplastic diseases. It is protective against cancer, while contributing to its progression.1 In addition, cancer cells have the ability to escape from immune surveillance and inhibit the immune response through induction of immune tolerance.2-4 Chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of many cancers. Data indicate a significant influence of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in the formation of the neoplastic microenvironment.5-7 SIR participates in all stages of the neoplastic process development: initiation, promotion, and progression of the disease.8 Systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR) is an unfavorable prognostic factor in many malignancies and has a role in all stages of the neoplastic process: initiation, promotion, and disease progression. Analysis of SIR can be performed by assessing indicators (eg, lymphocyte-to-neutrophil, platelet-to-lymphocyte, and monocyte-to-neutrophil ratios) and products of neutrophils and lymphocytes (ie, the systemic immune-inflammation index), or by examining the relationship between levels of C-reactive protein and albumin (based on the Glasgow Prognostic Score, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and C-reactive protein to-albumin ratio). Risk stratification is essential in the clinical management of cancer; hence, the evaluation of these factors has potential applications in the clinical management of patients with cancer and in the development of new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SIR indicators and presents their clinical utility in malignancies of the female genital organs.