Identification and functional analyses of novel antioxidant peptides and antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of four East Asian frog species

In the present study, we identified 50 peptides that are classified into 21 peptide families with antioxidant and/or antimicrobial activity from Amolops daiyunensis, Pelophylax hubeiensis, Hylarana maosuoensis and Nanorana pleskei, which belong to four different genera in the Ranidae and Dicroglossidae families. These four frog species were found for the first time to express antioxidant peptides (AOPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These peptides include seven newly discovered families daiyunin-1, daiyunin-2, daiyunin-3, maosonensis-1MS1, pleskein-1, pleskein-2, and pleskein-3. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity assays showed that some of these peptides have good biological activities. For example, at a concentration of 50 mu M, nigroain-B-MS1, and nigroain-C-MS1 both exhibited relatively strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging ability, with eradication rates of 99.7% and 68.3% (nigroain-B-MS1), and 99.8% and 58.3% (nigroain-C-MS1), respectively. These peptides are potential candidates for the development of novel antioxidant or AMP preparations.