Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound in Nonpalpable Cryptorchidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

被引:100
作者
Tasian, Gregory E. [1 ]
Copp, Hillary L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
cryptorchidism; undescended testes; nonpalpable; ultrasound; diagnostic performance; IMPALPABLE UNDESCENDED TESTIS; NON-PALPABLE TESTIS; LAPAROSCOPIC EVALUATION; TESTICULAR CANCER; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; ACCURACY; ORCHIOPEXY; LOCALIZATION;
D O I
10.1542/peds.2010-1800
中图分类号
R72 [儿科学];
学科分类号
100202 ;
摘要
CONTEXT: Ultrasound is frequently obtained during the presurgical evaluation of boys with nonpalpable undescended testes, but its clinical utility is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in localizing nonpalpable testes in pediatric patients. METHODS: English-language articles were identified by searching Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We included studies of subjects younger than 18 years who had preoperative ultrasound evaluation for nonpalpable testes and whose testis position was determined by surgery. Data on testis location determined by ultrasound and surgery were extracted by 2 independent reviewers, from which ultrasound performance characteristics (true-positives, false-positives, false-negatives, and true-negatives) were derived. Meta-analysis of 12 studies (591 testes) was performed by using a random-effects regression model; composite estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Ultrasound has a sensitivity of 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29-61) and a specificity of 78% (95% CI: 43-94). The positive and negative likelihood ratios are 1.48 (95% CI: 0.54-4.03) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.46-1.35), respectively. A positive ultrasound result increases and negative ultrasound result decreases the probability that a nonpalpable testis is located within the abdomen from 55% to 64% and 49%, respectively. Significant heterogeneity limited the precision of these estimates, which was attributable to variability in the reporting of selection criteria, ultrasound methodology, and differences in the proportion of intraabdominal testes. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound does not reliably localize nonpalpable testes and does not rule out an intraabdominal testis. Eliminating the use of ultrasound will not change management of nonpalpable cryptorchidism but will decrease health care expenditures. Pediatrics 2011; 127: 119-128
引用
收藏
页码:119 / 128
页数:10
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