The nuclear orphan receptor RZR beta is highly expressed in the rat pineal gland. Recent studies proposed that melatonin, the pineal hormone which regulates a wide variety of circadian-linked phenomena, may be the natural ligand of this receptor. These provocative reports prompted us to learn more about RZR beta and how it might function in circadian physiology. Here we confirm high expression of this receptor in the pineal gland, and report that pineal RZR beta expression exhibits a strong daily rhythm. Expression is under photoneural regulation and involves an adrenergic --> cAMP mechanism. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.