Active galactic nuclei: what's in a name?

被引：481

作者：

Padovani, P. ^{[1
]}

Alexander, D. M. ^{[2
]}

Assef, R. J. ^{[3
]}

De Marco, B. ^{[4
,5
]}

Giommi, P. ^{[6
]}

Hickox, R. C. ^{[7
]}

Richards, G. T. ^{[8
]}

Smolcic, V. ^{[9
]}

Hatziminaoglou, E. ^{[1
]}

Mainieri, V. ^{[1
]}

Salvato, M. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[2] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Durham, England

[3] Univ Diego Portales, Fac Ingn, Nucleo Astron, Santiago, Chile

[4] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany

[5] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[6] ASI, Italian Space Agcy, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[7] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA

[8] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[9] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bijenicka Cesta 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

来源：

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW | 2017年 / 25卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

Galaxies: active; Quasars: supermassive black holes; Radio continuum: galaxies; Infrared: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies; Gamma-rays: galaxies; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; X-RAY VARIABILITY; BLACK-HOLE MASS; RADIO LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE;

D O I：

10.1007/s00159-017-0102-9

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are energetic astrophysical sources powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes in galaxies, and present unique observational signatures that cover the full electromagnetic spectrum over more than twenty orders of magnitude in frequency. The rich phenomenology of AGN has resulted in a large number of different "flavours" in the literature that now comprise a complex and confusing AGN "zoo". It is increasingly clear that these classifications are only partially related to intrinsic differences between AGN and primarily reflect variations in a relatively small number of astrophysical parameters as well the method by which each class of AGN is selected. Taken together, observations in different electromagnetic bands as well as variations over time provide complementary windows on the physics of different sub-structures in the AGN. In this review, we present an overview of AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their "big picture" through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to -rays as well as AGN variability. We address what we can learn from each observational method, the impact of selection effects, the physics behind the emission at each wavelength, and the potential for future studies. To conclude, we use these observations to piece together the basic architecture of AGN, discuss our current understanding of unification models, and highlight some open questions that present opportunities for future observational and theoretical progress.

引用

页数：91

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