Nitrification contributes to winter oxygen depletion in seasonally frozen forested lakes

被引:44
作者
Powers, S. M. [1 ,2 ]
Baulch, H. M. [3 ,4 ]
Hampton, S. E. [1 ,2 ]
Labou, S. G. [1 ,2 ]
Lottig, N. R. [5 ]
Stanley, E. H. [6 ]
机构
[1] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
[2] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
[3] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7NH5, Canada
[4] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7NH5, Canada
[5] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Trout Lake Stn, Ctr Limnol, 3110 Trout Lake Stn Dr, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA
[6] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Nitrate; Ice; North temperate lakes; Oxygen; Winter; Nitrification; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NITROUS-OXIDE; WATER COLUMN; ICE COVER; HYPOLIMNION; DINITROGEN; SEDIMENTS; DRIVERS; BOREAL; CARBON;
D O I
10.1007/s10533-017-0382-1
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
In lakes that experience seasonal ice cover, understanding of nitrogen-oxygen coupling and nitrification has been dominated by observations during open water, ice-free conditions. To address knowledge gaps about nitrogen-oxygen linkages under ice, we examined long-term winter data (30 + years, 2-3 sample events per winter) in 7 temperate lakes of forested northern Wisconsin, USA. Across lakes and depths, there were strong negative relationships between dissolved oxygen (DO) and the number of days since ice-on, reflecting consistent DO consumption rates under ice. In two bog lakes that routinely experience prolonged winter DO concentrations below 1.0 mg L-1, nitrate accumulated near the ice surface mainly in late winter, suggesting nitrification may depend on biogenic oxygen from photosynthesis. In contrast, within five oligotrophic-mesotrophic lakes, nitrate accumulated more consistently over winter and often throughout the water column, especially at intermediate depths. Exogenous inputs of nitrate to these lakes were minimal compared to rates of nitrate accumulation. To produce the nitrate via in-lake nitrification, substantial oxygen consumption by ammonium oxidizing microbes would be required. Among lakes and depths that had significant DO depletion over winter, the stoichiometric nitrifier oxygen demand ranged from 1 to 25% of the DO depletion rate. These estimates of nitrifier-driven DO decline are likely conservative because we did not account for nitrate consumed by algal uptake or denitrification. Our results provide an example of nitrification at temperatures < 5 degrees C having a substantial influence on ecosystem-level nitrogen and oxygen availability in seasonally-frozen, northern forested lakes. Consequently, models of under-ice dissolved oxygen dynamics may be advanced through consideration of nitrification, and more broadly, coupled nitrogen and oxygen cycling.
引用
收藏
页码:119 / 129
页数:11
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