Synergistic protective effects of ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid against subacute deltamethrin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic class II pyrethroid acaricide and insecticide widely used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. However, its animal and human exposure leads to nephrotoxicity. Our experimental objective was to evaluate protective effects of ceftriaxone and/or ascorbic acid against DLM-induced renal injury in male Wistar albino rats. DLM-treated animals revealed significant alterations in serum biochemical parameters related to renal injury; urea, uric acid and creatinine. There was a significant increase in renal lipid peroxidation and a significant inhibition in antioxidant biomarkers. Moreover, DLM significantly reduced serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In addition, It induced serum and kidney tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Both ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid protect against DLM-induced biochemical alterations in serum and renal tissue when used alone or in combination along with DLM-intoxication. Furthermore, both ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid produced synergetic nephro-protective and antioxidant effects. Therefore, it could be concluded that ceftriaxone and/or ascorbic acid administration able to minimize the toxic effects of DLM through their free radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activity.