RETRACTED: Residual papaya promoting the growth performance, antioxidant, nonspecific immunity of juvenile Tilapia mossambica (Retracted article. See vol. 111, pg. 227, 2021)

Application of traditional bait in aquaculture caused environment pollution and disease frequent occurrence. Residual papaya could be re-utilized to culture Tilapia mossambica as dietary supplement. Therefore, a novel integrated system of the improvement of yield, antioxidant and nonspecific immunity of Tilapia mossambica by dietary residual papaya was proposed and investigated. Tilapia mossambica could grow well in all supplement residual papaya groups. Survival rate, yield, whole fish body composition under 15-45% groups were increased compared with control group (CK). Bioactive substances (polyphenols and vitamin) in residual papaya enhanced ALP, ACP, phagocytic, SOD, CAT activities through up-regulating ALP, ACP, SOD, CAT genes expression levels. Theoretical analysis showed bioactive substances regulated these genes expressions and enzyme activities as stimulus signal, component, active center. Moreover, residual papaya improved mTOR and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Furthermore, residual papaya inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila that increased resistance to diseases. This technology completed the solid waste recovery and the Tilapia mossambica growth performance simultaneously.