Extracellular matrix remodeling accompanies axial muscle development and morphogenesis in the mouse

Background: Skeletal myogenesis is extensively influenced by the surrounding environment. However, how the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects morphogenesis of muscles is not well understood. Results: We mapped the three-dimensional (3D) organization of fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin by immunofluorescence during early epaxial myogenesis in mouse embryos. We define four stages of dermomyotome/myotome development and reveal the 3D organization of myogenic cells within their ECM during those stages. Fibronectin is abundant in all interstitial tissues, while tenascin is restricted to intersegmental borders. Bundles of fibronectin and tenascin also penetrate into the myotome, possibly promoting myocyte alignment. A laminin matrix delineates the dermomyotome and myotome and undergoes dynamic changes, correlating with key developmental events. Conclusion: Our observations cast new light on how myotomal cells interact with their environment and suggest that, as the segmented myotomes transform into the epaxial muscle masses, the laminin matrix disassembles and myocytes use the abundant fibronectin matrix to reach their final organization. Developmental Dynamics 241:350364, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.