Non-linear design of active frequency doublers

A procedure has been developed for the design of microwave active frequency doublers. A fully nonlinear model and design-oriented algorithm are used for the best accuracy. Optimum conversion gain and stable operations are achieved as a result of optimum harmonic loading. A simplified analysis is also presented, giving results in qualitative and good quantitative agreement with the exact nonlinear results. Such a procedure represents a first-pass procedure for device selection and performance evaluation. The same technique can be extended to higher-order frequency multipliers. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.