Effects of selenium and tellurium on the activity of selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidase and type I iodothyronine deiodinase, trace element thyroid level, and thyroid hormone status in rats

Tellurium (Te) and selenium (Se) belong chemically to the Vla group of elements. Se represents an essential element closely related to thyroid function. Te has growing application in industrial processes. Little is known about the Te biological activity particularly with respect to potential chemical interactions with Se-containing components in the organism. In this study, female Wistar rats (body weight: 115-120 g) received sodium selenite pentahydrate (10 mg/L) or sodium tellurite (9.4 mg/L) in drinking water for 6 wk. Additional groups of rats received their combination with zinc sulfate heptahydrate (515 mg/L). The stimulation of 5'-DI-I activity due to selenite (to 158%, p < 0.01) or tellurite treatment (to 197%, p<0.01) was seen; however, no effect on glutathione peroxidase was demonstrated in this experiment. An elevation of T4, T3, and M serum levels was measured in the Se+Te-treated group; T4 and M levels were elevated in the Te+Zn-treated group. Te accumulates in the thyroid gland and influences the zinc thyroid level. Te treatment alone and in combination with Se or Zn decreased the iodine thyroid concentration to 65-70% of the control value. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature and effects of these events.