Study the Effect of Biowaste-Based Natural Dyes on Cationic Surfactant

In this work, UV-Vis spectra are used to observe the absorption spectra of aqueous extraction of Beetroot peel and Henna leaves dyes, in presence and absence of cationic surfactant. The maximum absorbance in Beetroot appears to be at 535 in both cases only the intensity of the peak change after addition of surfactant. In contrast with the Beetroot, henna dye showed maximum wavelength changed from 435 nm to 347 nm after the addition of surfactant. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies the functional groups of those dyes and the change of adding a surfactant to these dyes is also discussed. For both dyes, there is no change of the peaks, only showing intensity change in the presence of surfactant. Mass spectroscopy showed the presence of betalain as the main component in the Beetroot extract, also proved the presence of lawsone in the Henna extract. The conductance at different concentrations for the extracted dyes has been measured. Also, the effect of temperatures and pH had recorded. The results showed the highest conductance for extracted dyes were at the highest concentration (10% and 1.5%) for (2214.5 and 50.367) mu Scm(-1) for Beetroot and henna respectively. The CMC of the extracted dyes at room temperature was determined by surface tension (gamma) measurements in the presence and absence of the cationic surfactant. The result shows a decrease in the value in the presence of surfactant than that in its absence as it changes from (50x10(3) to 40x10(3)) mg/l and (20x10(3) to 15x10(3)) mg/l for Beetroot and Henna respectively.