Regional-Level Impacts of Climate Change on the Black Sea

The sea water plays fundamental role in the climate regulation cycle. Sea water environment issues transcend national boundaries and concerted actions are necessary to ensure effective protection. Regional-level climate change impact assessment on the 10-mile Black Sea zone in front of the Bulgarian coast is based on research in 2009. Overall view of sea surface temperature (SST) throughout the Black Sea and SST in the global context and highlights are produced, as well. Study was performed in front of Cape Galata at 1, 3, and 10 miles offshore. Bulgarian coastal zone in front of Cape Galata is under a process of warming throughout the surface-bottom layer. Considering that Bulgarian Black Sea is under influence of the Danube's stream, coastal zone in front of Cape Galata is under a process of increase in salinity throughout the surfawce-bottom layer. As expected outcomes of these processes, animals, plants, and bacteria will migrate to new areas with favourable climate conditions. Certain species will be able to invade areas that they did not previously inhabit. Ecosystems will continue to be disturbed by climate change. Changes in the climate conditions can affect the health and function of the ecosystems and the survival of entire species. A number of human activities are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and changing the balance of the climate system. Greenhouse gases can remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years or for thousands of years before being removed by natural processes and their warming influence is projected to persist into the next century, therefore scientific, technological and policy measures against global warming is much needed. Climate change mitigation has to include reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and enhancing the sinks that remove them from the atmosphere, whereas adaptation refers to actions performed at local or regional scale to moderate negative effects of climate change. Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for the Black Sea region are needed. Humans may be able to mitigate climate change or lessen its severity. Strategies have to involve shifting from carbon to renewable energy sources, building new infrastructure for alternative energy sources, innovative research and basic change in the way humans use energy.