Comparison of MET-PET and FDG-PET for differentiation between benign lesions and lung cancer in pneumoconiosis

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the ability of C-11-methionine (MET) and F-18 fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to diagnose lung cancer in patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods Twenty-six subjects underwent both whole-body MET-PET and FDG-PET on the same day. The first group was a lung cancer group, which consisted of 15 patients, and included those with pneumoconiosis with increased nodules (13 cases), hemoptysis (I case), and positive sputum cytology (I case). The second group was a no-malignancy control group, consisting of I I patients with pneumoconiosis. Results Sianificant correlations between nodule size and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the two PET tracers were observed in the control group. The larger the nodule size, the greater were the amounts of these tracers accumulated (MET: r = 0.771, P < 0.0001; FDG: r = 0.903, P < 0.0001). The SUVmax of MET was significantly lower than that of FDG in the pneumocomotic nodules (P < 0.0001). Lung cancer was found in 5 of 19 nodules (two with adenocarcinoma, one with squamous cell carcinoma, one with small cell carcinoma, and one with large cell carcinoma) in the first group. As for nodules equal to or less than 3 cm in diameter, the SUVmax of MET was significantly higher in the lung cancer than in the pneumoconiotic nodules, with 3.48 +/- 1.18 (mean SE) for the lung cancer and 1.48 +/- 0.08 for the pneumoconiotic nodules (P < 0.01), similar to the SUVmax of FDG, with 7.12 +/- 2.36 and 2.85 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05), respectively. On the basis of the criteria for the control group, FDG and MET identified lung cancer with sensitivities of 60% and 80%, specificities of 100% and 93%, accuracies of 90% and 90%, positive predictive values of 100% and 80%, and negative predictive values of 88% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions Our results indicate that nodules with an intense uptake of MET and FDG relative to their size should be carefully observed because of a high risk for lung cancer.