Native valve Staphylococcus capitis infective endocarditis: a mini review

Purpose Even though prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is widely documented and attracts global attention, native valve endocarditis due to CoNS has been also described lately and may warrant closer attention due to the relative increased incidence. Methods We describe a 35-year-old male patient who is a former resident of a long-term health-care facility with multiple co-morbidities, diagnosed with native aortic valve S. capitis endocarditis and underwent conservative antimicrobial treatment with full recovery and no recurrence after 6 months' follow-up. In addition, we reviewed the English literature on all reported cases of S. capitis endocarditis. Results Infective endocarditis due to S. capitis has thus far been described in 13 patients. All but three had involved native valves with two infected prosthetic valves and a single case of infection in an implanted transvenous pacemaker. Although the number of cases of endocarditis due to S. capitis is small, early removal of either a prosthetic valve or infected pacemaker would appear prudent, while native valve endocarditis could successfully be treated with appropriate antimicrobials alone. Conclusions Staphylococcus capitis is classified as coagulase-negative staphylococci with the inherent ability to cause debilitating native valve endocarditis and is usually managed conservatively.