DBZ (Danshensu Bingpian Zhi), a Novel Natural Compound Derivative, Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Background-DBZ (Danshensu Bingpian Zhi), a synthetic derivative of a natural compound found in traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation and lipid accumulation in vitro. The aim of this study was to assess whether DBZ could attenuate atherosclerosis at early and advanced stages. Methods and Results-The effects of DBZ on the development of atherosclerosis were studied using apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. For early treatment, 5-week-old apoE(-/-) mice were fed a Western diet and treated daily by oral gavage with or without DBZ or atorvastatin for 10 weeks. For advanced treatment, 5-week-old apoE(-/-) mice were fed a Western diet for 10 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, and then they were randomly divided into 4 groups and subjected to the treatment of vehicle, 20 mg/kg per day DBZ, 40 mg/kg per day DBZ, or 10 mg/kg per day atorvastatin for the subsequent 10 weeks. We showed that early treatment of apoE(-/-) mice with DBZ markedly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation by inhibiting inflammation and decreasing macrophage infiltration into the vessel wall. Treatment with DBZ also attenuated the progression of preestablished diet-induced atherosclerotic plaques in apoE(-/-) mice. In addition, we showed that DBZ may affect LXR (liver X receptor) function and that treatment of macrophages with DBZ suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cell migration and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation. Conclusions-DBZ potentially has antiatherosclerotic effects that involve the inhibition of inflammation, macrophage migration, leukocyte adhesion, and foam cell formation. These results suggest that DBZ may be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.