Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult burn patients

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been the major cause of mortality in burn injury. The authors reported the experience of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to treat adult burn patient with ARDS. Three patients with burn or electric injury, around 48.9% of body surface area over second-degree burns, developed ARDS after resuscitation. All had positive blood culture and depended on a ventilator more than 5 days before ECMO. Venovenous (VV) ECMO was started at the beginning of severe respiratory failure with an oxygen index of 61.6 +/- 15.5 cm H2O/mm Hg (greater than or equal to 40 cm H2O/mm Hg), partial arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction (Pao(2)/Fio(2)) of 46.1 +/- 7.0 mm Hg (less than or equal to 200 mm Hg), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 15.7 +/- 1.6 cm H2O (greater than or equal to 10 cm H2O), alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen concentration (A-a Do(2)) of 618.9 +/- 19.3 mm Hg (greater than or equal to 300 mm Hg), and lung compliance of 17.3 +/- 4.6 ml/cm H2O (less than or equal to 30 ml/cm H2O). The VV type had to be converted to the newly designed veno-venoarterial (V-VA) ECMO due to the myocardial dysfunction. Two of three patients survived. The duration of ECMO was 160.2 +/- 51.1 h. Two patients received debridement of escar during ECMO support and desmopressin infusion, and no increased bleeding or coagulopathy was found. The respiratory parameters were significantly improved after ECMO, especially in the survivors. ECMO is also suitable for ARDS in adult burn injury.