Tight bounds for shared memory systems accessed by Byzantine processes

We provide efficient constructions and tight bounds for shared memory systems accessed by n processes, up to t of which may exhibit Byzantine failures, in a model previously explored by Malkhi et al. [21]. We show that sticky bits are universal in the Byzantine failure model for n >= 3t + 1, an improvement over the previous result requiring n >= (2t + 1)(t + 1). Our result follows from a new strong consensus construction that uses sticky bits and tolerates t Byzantine failures among n processes for any n >= 3t + 1, the best possible bound on n for strong consensus. We also present tight bounds on the efficiency of implementations of strong consensus objects from sticky bits and similar primitive objects.