Ridging Associated with Drought across the Western and Southwestern United States: Characteristics, Trends, and Predictability Sources

被引:46
作者
Gibson, Peter B. [1 ]
Waliser, Duane E. [1 ]
Guan, Bin [2 ]
DeFlorio, Michael J. [3 ]
Ralph, F. Martin [3 ]
Swain, Daniel L. [4 ,5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA
[3] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[4] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA USA
[5] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Capac Ctr Climate & Weather Extremes, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[6] Nat Conservancy Calif, San Francisco, CA USA
关键词
Atmosphere; North America; Atmospheric circulation; Drought; Pattern detection; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; WEATHER FORECASTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTH PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE;
D O I
10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0439.1
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
Persistent winter ridging events are a consistent feature of meteorological drought across the western and southwestern United States. In this study, a ridge detection algorithm is developed and applied on daily geopotential height anomalies to track and quantify the diversity of individual ridge characteristics (e.g., position, frequency, magnitude, extent, and persistence). Three dominant ridge types are shown to play important, but differing, roles for influencing the location of landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs), precipitation, and subsequently meteorological drought. For California, a combination of these ridge types is important for influencing precipitation deficits on daily through seasonal time scales, indicating the various pathways by which ridging can induce drought. Furthermore, both the frequency of ridge types and reduced AR activity are necessary features for explaining drought variability on seasonal time scales across the western and southwestern regions. The three ridge types are found to be associated in different ways with various remote drivers and modes of variability, highlighting possible sources of subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability. A comparison between ridge types shows that anomalously large and persistent ridging events relate to different Rossby wave trains across the Pacific with different preferential upstream locations of tropical heating. For the "South-ridge" type, centered over the Southwest, a positive trend is found in both the frequency and persistence of these events across recent decades, likely contributing to observed regional drying. These results illustrate the utility of feature tracking for characterizing a wider range of ridging features that collectively influence precipitation deficits and drought.
引用
收藏
页码:2485 / 2508
页数:24
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