Ecosystem services and the resilience of agricultural landscapes

被引:74
作者
Bennett, Elena M. [1 ,2 ]
Baird, Julia [3 ,4 ]
Baulch, Helen [5 ,6 ]
Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca [7 ,8 ]
Fraser, Evan [9 ,10 ]
Loring, Phil [9 ,10 ]
Morrison, Peter [1 ]
Parrott, Lael [11 ]
Sherren, Kate [12 ]
Winkler, Klara J. [1 ]
Cimon-Morin, Jerome [13 ]
Fortin, Marie-Josee [14 ]
Kurylyk, Barret L. [15 ,16 ]
Lundholm, Jeremy [17 ]
Poulin, Monique [18 ]
Rieb, Jesse T. [1 ]
Gonzalez, Andrew [19 ]
Hickey, Gordon M. [1 ]
Humphries, Murray [1 ,20 ]
Bahadur, Krishna K. C. [9 ,10 ]
Lapen, David [21 ]
机构
[1] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[2] McGill Univ, Bieler Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[3] Brock Univ, Environm Sustainabil Res Ctr, St Catharines, ON, Canada
[4] Brock Univ, Dept Geog & Tourism Studies, St Catharines, ON, Canada
[5] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
[6] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
[7] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[8] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, Minneapolis, MN USA
[9] Univ Guelph, Arrell Food Inst, Guelph, ON, Canada
[10] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON, Canada
[11] Univ British Columbia, Inst Biodivers Resilience & Ecosyst Serv, Vancouver, BC, Canada
[12] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada
[13] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
[14] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[15] Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Water Resources Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada
[16] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS, Canada
[17] St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada
[18] Univ Laval, Dept Phytol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
[19] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[20] McGill Univ, Ctr Indigenous Nutr & Environm, Montreal, PQ, Canada
[21] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa Res Dev Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada
来源
FUTURE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES, PT II | 2021年 / 64卷
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; SOIL BIODIVERSITY; WATER SECURITY; NOVA-SCOTIA; CROP PEST; TRADE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; INTENSIFICATION; DIVERSITY;
D O I
10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.01.001
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Global social and economic changes, alongside climate change, are affecting the operating environment for agriculture, leading to efforts to increase production and yields, typically through the use of agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers, expanded irrigation, and changes in seed varieties. Intensification, alongside the expansion of agriculture into new areas, has increased harvest, but has also had numerous well-known impacts on the environment, ultimately resulting in a loss of resilience and lack of sustainability in agro-ecosystems. Combined with features of agricultural systems such as the differential movement of ecosystem services, and interactions among ecosystem services driven in part by management choices, such intensification has disrupted key feedbacks in agricultural systems. These changes have tended to perpetuate the management choices that have led to efficient, productive agriculture, often at the expense of nature and the provision of important nonfood ecosystem services. Here, we explore how agriculture functions as a complex adaptive system. We assess how recent changes have interacted with agro-ecosystem features to result in a loss of resilience, and suggest key research directions to help harmonize production and ecosystem function, drawing primarily on Canadian examples. Enhancing the resilience of agricultural landscapes is critical to the long-term sustainability of agriculture in a rapidly changing world.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 43
页数:43
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