UPDATE OF UREMIC TOXIN RESEARCH BY MASS SPECTROMETRY

被引:50
作者
Niwa, Toshimitsu [1 ]
机构
[1] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Adv Med Uremia, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan
关键词
mass spectrometry; uremic toxin; chronic kidney disease; uremia; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE; HUMAN PLASMA; INDOXYL SULFATE; FURANCARBOXYLIC ACID; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; PROTEIN GLYCATION;
D O I
10.1002/mas.20323
中图分类号
O433 [光谱学];
学科分类号
0703 ; 070302 ;
摘要
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully applied for the identification and quantification of uremic toxins and uremia-associated modified proteins. This review focuses on the recent progress in the MS analysis of uremic toxins. Uremic toxins include low-molecular weight solutes, protein-bound low-molecular weight solutes, and middle molecules (peptides and proteins). Based on MS analysis of these uremic toxins, the pathogenesis of the uremic symptoms will be elucidated to prevent and manage the symptoms. Notably, protein-bound uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid have emerged as important targets of therapeutic removal. Hemodialysis even with a high-flux membrane cannot efficiently remove the protein-bound uremic toxins because of their high albumin-binding property. The accumulation of these protein-bound uremic toxins in the blood of dialysis patients might play an important role in the development of uremic complications such as cardiovascular disease. Indoxyl sulfate is the most promising protein-bound uremic toxin as a biomarker of progress in chronic kidney disease. Novel dialysis techniques or membranes should be developed to efficiently remove these protein-bound uremic toxins for the prevention and management of uremic complications. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:510-521, 2011
引用
收藏
页码:510 / 521
页数:12
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