Progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with over-expression of TYK2 and p21waf1/CiP1

Background and aim of the work: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown aetiology with diverse clinical phenotypes characterised by granulomatous formation in involved organs. The factors controlling the evolution of pulmonary involvement - a major point in the progression of sarcoidosis - are poorly understood. The aim of our study was to identify alterations of gene expression associated with the progression of the granulomatous process in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Methods: Using microarray analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in three patients with progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis and in three patients with stable pulmonary sarcoidosis. Microarrays data were analysed using a non-parametric method that estimates the False positive Detection Rate for chosen thresholds of differential expression (software SAM, Significance Analysis of Microarrays). We further controlled the expression of three selected genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments. Results: Fourteen genes were found significantly upregulated in the cases with progressive sarcoidosis including three genes coding for effectors of the Th1 immune response: the protein tyrosine kinase TYK2, the Interferon-gamma receptor 2 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the increased expression of TYK2 and p21(Waf1/Cip1), but not of the Interferon-gamma receptor 2. Conclusions: Our results confirm the feasibility of microarrays analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and are consistent with an involvement of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and TYK2, two components of the Th1-inflammatory response pathway, in the progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis.