Can soil amendments (zeolite or lime) shift the balance between nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from pasture and wetland soils receiving urine or urea-N?

To determine the effects of soil amendments (lime or ammonium-sorbed zeolite) on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N-2) gases from pasture and wetland soils, a 90-day incubation experiment was conducted under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Soil samples (0-0.10m soil depth) collected from pasture and adjacent wetland sites were treated with 2 nitrogen (N) sources (cow urine or urea) at 200 kg N/ha with and without added soil amendments using 10-L plastic containers and then incubated at 25 degrees C. Subsoil samples were taken out at different intervals to measure gaseous emissions of N2O and N-2 using the acetylene (C2H2) inhibition method, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), soluble organic C, and pH. The anaerobic conditions (81% water-.lled pore space) in wetland soils precluded nitrification, and therefore no increase in NO3-, N2O, or N-2 was observed during the 90-day incubation period. In the pasture soil, the application of urine, urea, and soil amendments significantly affected daily and total N2O and N-2 emissions and their ratios over a 90-day incubation period. Total N2O emission from urea-treated soil (48 kg N2O-N/ha) was significantly higher than from urine-treated soil (39 kg N2O-N/ha) and the control soil (4.5 kg N2O-N/ha). The application of zeolite significantly reduced N2O emissions from urea and urine-treated soils by 45% and 33%, respectively, due to the sorption of NH4+ by zeolite. Liming had minor effect on N2O emission. However, when lime was applied with zeolite, a significant reduction in N2O emission was observed. Lime application alone was found to increase N-2 emissions in urine and urea treated soils by 46% and 35%, respectively, and thereby lower N2O: N-2 ratios. The results indicate that zeolite reduced N2O emission while lime increased N-2 emissions and lowered N2O: N-2 ratios, and warranting further attention for mitigation of N2O.