Nanoarchitectonics for carbon-material-based sensors

Recently, the nanoarchitectonics concept has been proposed to fabricate functional materials on the basis of concerted harmonization actions to control materials organization. In this review, we introduce recent several sensor designs from viewpoints of nanoarchitectonics that are classified into three categories: (i) inside nanoarchitectonics, (ii) outside nanoarchitectonics, and (iii) hierarchic nanoarchitectonics. In addition, various nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, fullerene assemblies and nanoporous carbons, are selected as standard materials. In the first section, design and fabrication of mesoporous or nanoporous materials for enhanced sensing are especially exemplified as inside nanoarchitectonics. In the next section, recent examples of layer-by-layer nanoarchitectures for sensor fabrications are explained for outside nanoarchitectonics. Finally, their combined strategies for hierarchic carbon nanoarchitectonics are introduced as advanced sensor materials designs.