Representative levels of blood lead, mercury, and urinary cadmium in youth: Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents (KorEHS-C), 2012-2014

被引：38

作者：

Burm, Eunae ^{[1
,2
]}

Song, Inmyung ^{[3
]}

Ha, Mina ^{[4
]}

Kim, Yu-Mi ^{[5
]}

Lee, Kee Jae ^{[6
]}

Kim, Hwan-Cheol ^{[7
]}

Lim, Sinye ^{[8
]}

Kim, Soo-Young ^{[9
]}

Lee, Chul-Gab ^{[10
]}

Kim, Su Young ^{[11
]}

Cheong, Hae-Kwan ^{[12
]}

Sakong, Joon ^{[13
]}

Kang, Hee-Tae ^{[14
]}

Son, Mia ^{[15
]}

Oh, Gyung-Jae ^{[16
]}

Kim, Yeni ^{[17
]}

Yang, Ji-Yeon ^{[18
]}

Hong, Soo-Jong ^{[19
]}

Seo, Ju-Hee ^{[20
]}

Kim, Jeongseon ^{[21
]}

Oh, Seyong ^{[22
]}

Yu, Jeesuk ^{[23
]}

Chang, Seong-Sil ^{[9
]}

Kwon, Ho-Jang ^{[4
]}

Choi, Youn-Hee ^{[24
]}

Choi, Wookhee ^{[25
]}

Kim, Suejin ^{[25
]}

Yu, Seung Do ^{[25
]}

机构：

[1] Dankook Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Publ Hlth, Cheonan, South Korea

[2] Munkyung Coll, Dept Nursing, Mungyeong, South Korea

[3] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Risk Assessment & Int Cooperat, Cheongju, South Korea

[4] Dankook Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Cheonan, South Korea

[5] Dong A Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Busan, South Korea

[6] Korean Natl Open Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Informat Stat, Seoul, South Korea

[7] Inha Univ, Sch Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Inchon, South Korea

[8] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul, South Korea

[9] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Daejeon, South Korea

[10] Chosun Univ, Sch Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gwangju, South Korea

[11] Jeju Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Jeju, South Korea

[12] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Suwon, South Korea

[13] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Coll Med, Daegu, South Korea

[14] Yonsei Univ, Wonju Severance Christian Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea

[15] Kangwon Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chunchon, South Korea

[16] Wonkang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Iksan, South Korea

[17] Natl Ctr Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea

[18] Yonsei Univ, Inst Environm Res, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea

[19] Univ Ulsan, Childhood Asthma Atopy Ctr, Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Pediat,Asan Med Ctr,Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea

[20] Dankook Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Cheonan, South Korea

[21] Natl Canc Ctr, Mol Epidemiol Branch, Goyang, South Korea

[22] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Seoul, South Korea

[23] Dankook Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Cheonan, South Korea

[24] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Prevent Dent, Daegu, South Korea

[25] Natl Inst Environm Res, Environm Hlth Res Dept, Inchon, South Korea

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH | 2016年 / 219卷 / 4-5期

关键词：

National sample; Children and adolescents; Blood lead; Blood mercury; Urinary cadmium; US CHILDREN; SWEDISH CHILDREN; HOUSE-DUST; EXPOSURE; INEQUALITIES; POPULATION; GENDER;

D O I：

10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.004

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

Background: This study examined levels of blood lead and mercury, and urinary cadmium, and associated sociodemographic factors in 3-18 year-old Korean children and adolescents. Materials and methods: We used the nationally representative Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents data for 2012-2014 and identified 2388 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. The median and 95th percentile exposure biomarker levels with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Multivariate regression analyses were performed on log transformed exposure biomarker levels adjusted for age, sex, area, household income, and father's education level. The median exposure biomarker levels were compared with data from Germany, the US, and Canada, as well as the levels of Korean children measured at different times. Results: The median levels of blood lead and mercury, as well as urinary cadmium were 1.23 mu g/dL, 1.80 mu g/L, and 0.40 mu g/L (95% CIs, 1.21-1.25, 1.77-1.83, and 0.39-0.41, respectively). The blood lead levels were significantly higher in boys and younger children (p < 0.0001) and children with less educated fathers (p = 0.004) after adjusting for covariates. Urinary cadmium level increased with age (p < 0.0001). The median levels of blood mercury and urinary cadmium were much higher in Korean children and adolescents than those in their peers in Germany, the US, and Canada. Blood lead levels tended to decrease with increasing age and divergence between the sexes, particularly in the early teen years. Median levels of blood lead and urinary cadmium decreased since 2010. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, and father's education level were associated with environmental exposure to heavy metals in Korean children and adolescents. These biomonitoring data are valuable for ongoing surveillance of environmental exposure in this vulnerable population. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

引用

页码：412 / 418

页数：7

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