Winter nitrate uptake by the temperate deciduous tree Quercus serrata

Winter nitrogen use in deciduous species is largely uncharacterized. We investigated nitrate uptake in the fine roots of a deciduous oak (Quercus serrata Thunb. ex. Murray). We conducted a N-15-labeling experiment using saplings of Q. serrata in the winter. During three weeks of labeled nitrate application, the concentration of N-15 in the fine roots increased significantly. The amount of nitrogen absorbed, as nitrate, was 1.16 +/- 1.02 mg N g DW-1, equivalent to 7.6 +/- 5.8% of the total nitrogen content. Our results indicate that Q. serrata saplings have significant potential for nitrate uptake in the fine roots in midwinter (i.e., in the absence of leaves). Although a significant amount of nitrogen applied as nitrate was accumulated, nitrate concentration in the fine roots remained low during the labeling period. Furthermore, significant nitrate reductase activity was detected. These data suggest that Q. serrata saplings can assimilate nitrate in the fine roots in midwinter.