Optimal whole-life-cycle planning for battery energy storage system with normalized quantification of multi-services profitability

The application services of the battery energy storage system (BESS) in the power system are more diverse, such as frequency regulation, peak shaving, time-shift arbitrage, etc. However, it is challenging to achieve the maximum revenue for one BESS providing multi-services in the whole life cycle due to the different life degradation and economic performance among variable services. This paper proposes optimal whole-life-cycle planning with normalized quantification of multi-services profitability. The proposed planning is designed to discretize battery lifespan into multi-cycle-life scales and apply the most profitable service in each scale by evaluating the proposed cycle-life opportunity benefit of all the available services, which is used to uniformly quantify their profitability, and dynamically setting the cycle-life scale based on the variation of cycle-life op-portunity benefits. An improved model is obtained for the battery life degradation by considering the impacts of the actual discharge current on the actual capacity in each discharge process. The planning in the application services of frequency regulation and time-shift arbitrage is tested under practical market rules and actual operation strategies. The result with the comparison to the individual, stacked, and successive services schemes validate that the overall benefits of the proposed planning are increased by 39.9%, 34.8%, 138.5%, and 13.2%, respectively, and even higher revenue can be achieved when the proposed planning accounts for more than two services.