Chronic pain increases the risk of sleep disturbances, depression and disability. Even though medical treatments have limited value, the use of prescription-based analgesics have increased over the recent years. It is therefore important to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatments. A systematic search for studies evaluating the effect of relaxation techniques on chronic pain was conducted. Randomized controlled trials were included. Significant effects on pain, or on pain and one or more secondary outcome measure, were found in 21 studies. Four studies found significant effects on secondary outcome measures only. Four studies showed no significant effects on any outcome measure. Thus, most of the studies reported that relaxation techniques reduced pain and/ or secondary outcome measures. However, the included studies have evaluated effects across a wide variety of chronic pain conditions and relaxation techniques. Hence, there is a large degree of heterogeneity among the included studies. This complicates the effect evaluation and makes it difficult to draw a clear and unambiguous conclusion. Relaxation techniques are probably most effective when used through regular and continued practice. Future studies should therefore investigate long-term effects of relaxation technique interventions, evaluate the dose-response relationship and examine efficacy differences across pain conditions and interventions.
机构:
Zucker Hillside Hosp, Glen Oaks, NY USA
Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USAKatholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Psychiat Ctr, B-3070 Kortenberg, Belgium
机构:
Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Guo, Qifan
Zhang, LIMing
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Zhang, LIMing
Gui, Chenfan
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Gui, Chenfan
Chen, Guanghui
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机构:
Guangxi Univ Chinese Med, Dept Traumatol & Orthoped Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Nanning, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Chen, Guanghui
Chen, Yi
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Chen, Yi
Tan, Huixin
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Tan, Huixin
Su, Wei
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Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Su, Wei
Zhang, Ruishi
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机构:
Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Ruishi
Gao, Qiang
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机构:
Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R ChinaSichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chengdu, Peoples R China
机构:
Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Univ Paris 07, Pres Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
INSERM, CIC1426, Paris, FranceHop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Boulkedid, R.
Abdou, A. Yousouf
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机构:
Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Univ Paris 07, Pres Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
INSERM, CIC1426, Paris, FranceHop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Abdou, A. Yousouf
Desselas, E.
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机构:
Univ Paris 07, Pres Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
INSERM, CIC1426, Paris, France
Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Paediat Pharmacol & Pharmacogenet, F-75019 Paris, FranceHop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Desselas, E.
Monegat, M.
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机构:
Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Univ Paris 07, Pres Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
INSERM, CIC1426, Paris, FranceHop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
Monegat, M.
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Alberti, C.
Kaguelidou, F.
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机构:
Univ Paris 07, Pres Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
INSERM, CIC1426, Paris, France
Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Paediat Pharmacol & Pharmacogenet, F-75019 Paris, FranceHop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Clin Epidemiol, F-75019 Paris, France
机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
Anushiravani, Majid
Bakhshaee, Mahdi
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h-index: 0
机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Dept Ear Nose & Throat, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
Bakhshaee, Mahdi
Taghipour, Ali
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
Taghipour, Ali
Naghedi-Baghdar, Hamideh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Student Res Comm, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
Naghedi-Baghdar, Hamideh
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机构:
Farshchi, Masoumeh Kaboli
Hoseini, Seyed Saeed
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机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Dept Ear Nose & Throat, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
Hoseini, Seyed Saeed
Mehri, Mohammad Reza
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Student Res Comm, Mashhad, IranMashhad Univ Med Sci, Sch Persian & Complementary Med, Dept Persian Med, Mashhad, Iran
机构:
Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R ChinaHeilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
Yan, Jingdong
An, Yuepeng
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机构:
Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R ChinaHeilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
An, Yuepeng
Wang, Ling-Shu
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机构:
Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Chinese Med & Translat Sci, Harbin 150040, Peoples R ChinaHeilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
Wang, Ling-Shu
Li, Yi
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机构:
Grad Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Harbin 150040, Peoples R ChinaHeilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
Li, Yi
Yang, Suqing
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机构:
Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R ChinaHeilongjiang Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Tradit Chinese Dermatol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
机构:
Med Pharm Grp, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniv Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
Ilersich, A. Lane
Ipp, Moshe
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机构:
Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, CanadaUniv Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
Ipp, Moshe
Kikuta, Andrew
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机构:
Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, CanadaUniv Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
Kikuta, Andrew
Shah, Vibhuti
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, CanadaUniv Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada