A new type of a rocking-chair battery family based on a graphite anode and a polymer cathode

The characteristics and the performance of a new type of dual intercalation battery using low cost, efficient electrode materials is illustrated and discussed. Typically, these batteries use a carbon-based anode (e.g., graphite) and a polymer [e.g., poly(pyrrole)] cathode. Although far from being optimized, these prototypes show good cycleability and an appreciable theoretical energy density. Since dual intercalation of both the lithium cations and the counteranions are involved in the electrochemical process, these new, metal-free, lithium power source systems have been termed ''dion'' batteries.