Nanotechnology: An approach to overcome bioavailability challenges of nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals are food varieties and food constituents that give medicinal advantages along with nourishment. Most organic compounds such as tannins, and flavonoids are easily soluble in water but face difficulty in absorption, as they cannot pass the cell's lipid film, have an abnormally large magnitude that results in bioavailability and adequacy loss. Nanotechnology provides opportunities in all sectors of scientific investigation including health. Nutraceuticals address a quickly developing/emerging field in nano-research. In this study, extensive literature search was carried out on application of nanotechnology to overcome the bioavailability issues related to nutraceuticals in various scientific databases and compiled. The exclusive properties of nanoparticles such as their small size and high surface/volume ratio make it a best approach in the health sector. Nutraceuticals can be combined with nanotechnology because nanostructured frameworks may have the ability of enhancing the effectiveness of plant extracted product, reduce required quantity, reduce the adverse effects, as well as increase biological action. Nanoliposomes, nano-emulsions, lipid nanocarriers, micelles, and polylactide co-glycolide nanoparticles are some of the most common biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles. The quick development of nutraceutical and nanoscience has immense impact on diverse fields of science like medicine and food sector. In this review article, we constrain to elaborate nanonutraceuticals with enhanced bioavailability, solubility, stability improved encapsulation, sustained and targeted delivery with improved therapeutic activity, characterization, safety studies, regulatory issues and their applications in health sector as well.