Breast cancer in men

Breast cancer in men is rare and most often occurs at or after the age of 60 years. Prognosis is poor when it is discovered at a late stage, as it often is in men, although it should be easier to detect because men hove so little breast tissue. The causal mechanism appears to depend on hormone metabolism abnormalities related to elevated estrogen or prolactin levels. A family history of breast cancer is found in 5-10% of cases. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma accounts for most cases (70-90%) of mole breast cancers. In situ but not invasive carcinoma is exclusively ductal and accounts for 7% of cases. Spread to lymph nodes is observed in 50-75% of cases. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that tumors ore positive for progesterone and estrogen receptors more frequently in men than women. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, ultrasonography and mammography. Aspiration cytology often makes it possible to confirm the malignancy. Excisional biopsy with on immediate intraoperative pathology examination confirms Malignancy and makes wider excision possible during the some procedure.