Bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands at the San Joaquin experimental range

Ten years of spot-mapping censuses in grazed and ungrazed plots at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, Madera Co., California, indicate likely changes in abundance of several bird species. Data do not, however, indicate that any species is in jeopardy as a result of grazing in the foothill woodlands. Brown-headed cowbirds are probably move abundant in the woodlands with cattle than without cattle, but we have no evidence that cowbird nest parasitism is a threat to any host species. Finally, the European starling's possible impact on native cavity-nesting species is uncertain, but we suspect it is significant for some species.