Selective extraction of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in Ilex chinensis Sims by meticulous mini-solid-phase microextraction using ternary deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymers

A ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) was used as both template and functional monomer in the synthesis of TDES-based molecularly imprinted polymers (TDES-MIPs). A meticulous miniaturized solid-phase microextraction (mini-SPME) method followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for the optimal speciation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) in the needle of a syringe system with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions for the determination of 3,4-DHBA (amount of adsorbent (2mg), sample volume (1mL), cycles for adsorption and desorption (6)), the actual extraction amount was 8.46gg(-1). The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) for 3,4-DHBA in Ilex chinensis Sims were 0.26-0.31gmL(-1), and the intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviations, n=4) after spiking with 5gmL(-1), 100gmL(-1), and 200gmL(-1) were both less than 4.21%. The meticulous method (TDES-MIP-mini-SPME) combined with RSM offers a significant advance over existing methods, because of the meticulous operation and excellent selectivity of 3,4-DHBA from complex samples.