Effect of hexoses and gonadotrophin supplementation on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation during in vitro maturation in a synthetic follicle fluid medium

In vitro oocyte maturation ( IVM) culture conditions have been relatively unchanged over the past few decades and remain suboptimal. In contrast, studies of the in vivo environment have led to significant improvements to in vitro embryo culture technologies. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of maturing bovine cumulus - oocyte complexes ( COCs) in medium based on the composition of bovine follicular fluid ( Bovine VitroMat; Cook Australia, Eight Mile Plain, Qld, Australia). In particular, the effect of different glucose concentrations and glucosamine supplementation on meiotic maturation was determined. Culturing COCs in the presence of gonadotrophins in Bovine VitroMat, containing either physiological glucose concentrations ( 2.3m(M)) or 5.6m(M) ( equivalent to levels in Tissue Culture Medium 199 ( TCM199)) supplemented with glucosamine resulted in comparable cumulus expansion to COCs cultured in TCM199 plus gonadotrophins. However, nuclear maturation was 1.3- fold lower in Bovine VitroMat cultures containing 2.3m(M) glucose compared with 5.6m(M) glucose and this effect was independent of glucosamine supplementation. Investigations into the effects of different glucose concentrations and gonadotrophin supplementation during the initial 6 h of maturation demonstrated that COCs cultured in Bovine VitroMat with 5.6m(M) glucose without gonadotrophins had a twofold acceleration of the rate of meiotic resumption, yet the rate of polar body formation was decreased by approximately 20% compared with cultures in 2.3m(M) glucose and TCM199. However, this effect was not seen when COCs were cultured for the initial 16 h in Bovine VitroMat+ 5.6m(M) minus gonadotrophins or in Bovine VitroMat+ 2.3m(M) glucose gonadotrophins. These data demonstrate that glucose concentrations and the timing of the introduction of gonadotrophin during IVM have variable effects on nuclear maturation. Manipulation of glucose concentrations may be a mechanism to influence oocyte meiotic progression and may lead to the development of improved IVM systems, allowing for an increased developmental capacity of bovine oocytes.