Responses of 'Golden delicious' apples to 1-MCP applied in air or water

The efficacy of the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applied in water to slow ripening of 'Golden Delicious' [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] apples was evaluated in comparison with 1-MCP applied in air. The material was applied by dipping fruit in 1-MCP water solutions (0.03,0.3, or 3 mmol.m(-3)) for 4 min or by exposing fruit to 1-MCP gas (0.42, 4.2, or 42 mu mol-m(-3)) in air for 12 h. Fruit were held in air at 20 degrees C for 25 days after treatment or stored at 0.5 degrees C in air for up to 6 months followed by 7 days in air at 20 degrees C. Application of 1-MCP in water or air delayed the increase in respiration and ethylene production associated with fruit ripening and reduced the amount of fruit softening, loss of acidity, and change in peel color. Treatments applied in water required a 700-fold higher amount of active ingredient compared with treatments applied in air to induce similar physiological responses. Fruit responses to 1-MCP varied with treatment concentration, and the maximum effects were obtained at concentrations of 4.2 or 42 mu mol.m(-3) in air and 3 mmol.m(-3) in water. Peel color change was impacted less than retention of firmness and titratable acidity for 1-MCP treatments applied at concentrations of 4.2 or 42 mu mol.m(-3) in air and 0.3 or 3 mmol.m(-3) in water. Treatment with 1-MCP in air or water was less effective for slowing peel degreening when treated fruit were stored at 0.5 degrees C compared with storage at 20 degrees C. Fruit treated with 1-MCP and stored in air at 0.5 degrees C developed a peel disorder typified by a gray brown discoloration that is unlike other disorders previously reported for this cultivar. Symptoms were present when fruit were removed from cold storage and no change in symptom appearance was observed during a 7-d holding period at 20 degrees C.