LX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture - Ocular toxoplasmosis: A global reassessment - Part II: Disease manifestations and management

被引:214
作者
Holland, GN
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Ocular Inflammatory Dis Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1016/j.ajo.2003.10.032
中图分类号
R77 [眼科学];
学科分类号
100212 ;
摘要
PURPOSE: To update clinical information about ocular toxoplasmosis. Part 11 reviews the spectrum of disease manifestations and factors that influence severity of disease. Implications for disease management are discussed. DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS: Selected articles from the medical litera. ture, information from several recent scientific meetings, and the author's personal experiences were reviewed critically in preparation for the LX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. RESULTS: The appearance of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis lesions varies with duration of active retinal infection and intensity of inflammation. Severe ocular disease occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Older patients who are recently infected with Toxoplasma gondii may have a higher prevalence of ocular involvement and more severe ocular disease because of altered host defenses. Most disease-producing isolates of T. gondii belong to one of three clonal lineages (types 1, 11, 111); type I has been associated with severe disease in both animals and human beings. Many observational studies suggest a benefit of short,term antimicrobial therapy for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent patients, although the efficacy of these treatments has not been proven in randomized clinical trials. Intermittent trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment was associated with fewer recurrences than placebo during a 20-month randomized clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in disease characteristics may be related to host, parasite, or environmental factors. The genotype of the infecting parasite appears to be an important determinant of disease severity in immuno, competent patients. Secondary prophylaxis may reduce the rate of recurrences in high,risk patients. A better clinical understanding of ocular toxoplasmosis can lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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页码:1 / 17
页数:17
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