Cyber-Resilient Sliding-Mode Consensus Secondary Control Scheme for Islanded AC Microgrids

In this article, a cyber-resilient consensus-based distributed control scheme is proposed for islanded ac microgrids. Considering the impacts of false data injection (FDI) attacks on the conventional consensus algorithms, a hybrid solution is presented based on the combination of multiobjective sliding-mode control and communication link quality observer to provide a reliable performance against different types of FDIs. Unlike the commonly developed distributed observer-based cyber-resilient algorithms, this approach aims to form a complete localized solution without the requirements for transmission of extra distributed signals in the secondary layer. Using the proposed method, the system reliability will not be impacted by the cyber intrusions on the distributed observer terms, and the system's dynamic performance is not deteriorated by the counteracting operation resulted from adaptive distributed observers under other system-transient conditions such as load dynamics, which can be even worsened under communication delays. Using cyber-resilient offset compensation terms, performance of the proposed sliding-mode control scheme is enhanced for multiobjective regulation. Integrating the sliding-mode control with communication link observer also ensures effective isolation of the unbounded and extreme cyberattacks. Unlike the former indirect local observers, the proposed scheme operates directly based on monitoring the affected distributed signals rather than only power terms, which enhances its reliability on detection. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through a real-time model developed in Typhoon HIL-402 real-time simulator as well as the experimental tests.