Guidelines for efficient and sustainable energy management in hospital buildings

The increasing global consumption of energy and its negative impacts on the environment has been an issue discussed both by academics and practitioners, including in the health sector. Hospitals are major consumers of energy, which leads to increased operating costs, decreased competitiveness, and negative environmental impacts. Energy management in hospitals must be understood as a way to contribute to environmental sustainability and as a way to improve competitiveness. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose guidelines for efficient and sustainable energy management in hospitals, developed based on the literature review, the challenges faced and the good practices of sustainable energy management in the hospitals studied, the cross analysis of the case studies, and the authors' expertise. As a result, the eight proposed guidelines are related to culture change, energy consumption management, energy management standard, purchase of renewable energy, green technologies, sustainable hospital buildings, social responsibility programs focused on energy use, and sustainable energy public policies. These guidelines contribute in an applied/managerial way to help managers of public and private hospitals overcome the challenges of energy management and contribute to UN's SDG7 due to its potential to improve energy efficiency and environmental performance, therefore, being a movement towards clean energy. This study also theoretically/scientifically contributes to the academic debate since the empirical findings found in the hospitals studied and the proposition of guidelines deepen and expand the key elements identified in the literature on efficient energy management in hospitals, providing the basis for developing new research on the subject.