Prognostic impact of in vivo soluble cell adhesion molecules in metastatic renal cell carcinoma

The purpose of the study was to determine prognostic significance of pretreatment serum levels of different molecules involved in cell to cell interactions along with other clinical parameters in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sELAM-1 serum levels were determined by ELISA assays in sera from 99 patients with histologically confirmed progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma prior to initiation of systemic therapy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank statistics and two-proportional Cox regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors and to demonstrate statistical independence. In univariate analyses, the following pretreatment risk factors could be identified: serum sICAM-1 level > 360 ng ml(-1) erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 70 mm h(-1), serum C-reactive protein level > 8 mg l(-1), serum lactic dehydrogenase level > 240 U/ I and neutrophil count > 6000 mu(1-1). Multivariate analyses demonstrated statistical independence for serum sICAM-1 level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level as pretreatment predictors of overall patient survival. The prognostic significance of sICAM-1 might indicate a role of this molecule for tumour progression, potentially in association with the abrogation of anti-tumour immune responses. The possibility of defining a pretreatment risk model based on sIcAM-1 level, ESR and CRP also warrants further investigation, with regard to a possible linkage between acute phase proteins and sICAM-1 levels.