Introduction of maltodextrin nanosponges as green extraction phases: Magnetic solid phase extraction of fluoroquinolones

In the present work, for the first time, fully green maltodextrin nanosponges (MDNSs) as extraction phases for the preparation of magnetic sorbents were introduced. All of the raw materials and synthetic methodologies used to prepare MDNSs follow the principles of green chemistry. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) were used as model analytes to assess the extraction performance of MDNSs in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure. Under the optimized conditions, the developed MSPE was coupled with HPLC-UV to sensitively quantify trace levels of four FQs in tap water, wastewater, and river water samples. The proposed MSPE-HPLC-UV method provided wide linearity in the range of 0.25-500.0 ng mL(-1) with determination coefficients >= 0.9997. Low limits of detection (LODs <= 0.06 ng mL(-1)) and quantification (LOQs <= 0.20 ng mL(-1)) were achieved. Furthermore, the developed green extraction phases compared with all other maltodextrin-based extraction phases were promising.