Antioxidant and chemoprotective peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digested (SGID) protein hydrolysate of Pyropia yezoensis against acetaminophen-induced HepG2 cells

Excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may result in oxidative damage to tissues and organs. Oxidative stress is a pathological mechanism that contributes to the initiation and progression of liver injury. In the present study, antioxidative peptides purified from simulated gastrointestinal-digested (SGID) protein hydrolysate of Pyropia yezoensis, showed significant antioxidant activity and also showed a protective effect against acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) -induced injury in HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) cells. The antioxidant activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Higher cell viability (73.26 +/- 0.9%) and decreasing NO levels (107.6 +/- 8.9%) were observed in 15 mM APAP-induced cells when treated with the concentration of (100 mu g ml(-1)) Pyropia peptide. Py. (pep). The sequences of the eight identified peptides present in the active fractions of the protein hydrolysate included hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids, which may have been responsible for their chemoprotective and antioxidant activities. Results indicated that the treatment with the Pyropia-peptides significantly promoted the proliferation of HepG2 cells, protecting them against APAP-mediated injury, and showed a significant antioxidant capacity. This study revealed that the Py. (pep) will be beneficial in treating drug-induced oxidative stress and liver damage conditions. Py. (pep) can also serve as a better alternative for synthetic antioxidant drugs.