The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

被引：597

作者：

Fu, Qiaomei ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Posth, Cosimo ^{[4
,5
]}

Hajdinjak, Mateja ^{[3
]}

Petr, Martin ^{[3
]}

Mallick, Swapan ^{[2
,6
,7
]}

Fernandes, Daniel ^{[8
,9
,10
]}

Furtwangler, Anja ^{[4
]}

Haak, Wolfgang ^{[5
,11
]}

Meyer, Matthias ^{[3
]}

Mittnik, Alissa ^{[4
,5
]}

Nickel, Birgit ^{[3
]}

Peltzer, Alexander ^{[4
]}

Rohland, Nadin ^{[2
]}

Slon, Viviane ^{[3
]}

Talamo, Sahra ^{[12
]}

Lazaridis, Iosif ^{[2
]}

Lipson, Mark ^{[2
]}

Mathieson, Iain ^{[2
]}

Schiffels, Stephan ^{[5
]}

Skoglund, Pontus ^{[2
]}

Derevianko, Anatoly P. ^{[13
,14
]}

Drozdov, Nikolai ^{[13
]}

Slavinsky, Vyacheslav ^{[13
]}

Tsybankov, Alexander ^{[13
]}

Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni ^{[15
]}

Mallegni, Francesco ^{[16
]}

Gely, Bernard ^{[17
]}

Vacca, Eligio ^{[18
]}

Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R. ^{[19
]}

Straus, Lawrence G. ^{[19
,20
]}

Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine ^{[21
]}

Teschler-Nicola, Maria ^{[22
,23
]}

Constantin, Silviu ^{[24
]}

Moldovan, Oana Teodora ^{[25
]}

Benazzi, Stefano ^{[12
,26
]}

Peresani, Marco ^{[27
]}

Coppola, Donato ^{[28
,29
]}

Lari, Martina ^{[30
]}

Ricci, Stefano ^{[31
]}

Ronchitelli, Annamaria ^{[31
]}

Valentin, Frederique ^{[32
]}

Thevenet, Corinne ^{[33
]}

Wehrberger, Kurt ^{[34
]}

Grigorescu, Dan ^{[35
]}

Rougier, Helene ^{[36
]}

Crevecoeur, Isabelle ^{[37
]}

Flas, Damien ^{[38
]}

Semal, Patrick ^{[39
]}

Mannino, Marcello A. ^{[12
,40
]}

Cupillard, Christophe ^{[41
,42
]}

机构：

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, IVPP, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China

[2] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[3] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

[4] Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci Archaeo & Palaeogenet, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany

[5] Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist, Dept Archaeogenet, D-07745 Jena, Germany

[6] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA

[7] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[8] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Archaeol, Dublin 4, Ireland

[9] Univ Coll Dublin, Earth Inst, Dublin 4, Ireland

[10] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, CIAS, P-3000456 Coimbra, Portugal

[11] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Ctr Ancient DNA, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[12] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

[13] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Archaeol & Ethnog, RU-630090 Novosibirsk 17, Russia

[14] Altai State Univ, RU-656049 Barnaul, Russia

[15] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Civilta & Forme Sapere, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

[16] Univ Pisa, Dept Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

[17] Direct Reg Affaires Culturelles Rhone Alpes, F-69283 Lyon 01, France

[18] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Biol, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[19] Univ Cantabria, Inst Int Invest Prehist, E-39005 Santander, Spain

[20] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, MSC01 1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[21] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Oriental & European Archaeol, Quaternary Archaeol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria

[22] Nat Hist Museum Vienna, Dept Anthropol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria

[23] Univ Vienna, Dept Anthropol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

[24] Emil Racovita Inst Speleol, Bucharest 010986 12, Romania

[25] Emil Racovita Inst Speleol, Cluj Branch, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania

[26] Univ Bologna, Dept Cultural Heritage, I-48121 Ravenna, Italy

[27] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Studi Umanist, Sez Sci Preistor & Antropol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

[28] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[29] Museo Civilta Preclassiche Murgia Merid, I-72017 Ostuni, Italy

[30] Univ Firenze, Dipartimento Biol, I-50122 Florence, Italy

[31] Univ Siena, UR Preistoria Antropol, Dipartimento Sci Fis Terra & Ambiente, I-53100 Siena, Italy

[32] CNRS UMR 7041 ArScAn, F-92023 Nanterre, France

[33] INRAP UMR 8215, Trajectoires 21, F-92023 Nanterre, France

[34] Ulmer Museum, D-89073 Ulm, Germany

[35] Univ Bucharest, Fac Geol & Geophys, Dept Geol, Bucharest 01041, Romania

[36] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Anthropol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA

[37] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR PACEA 5199, F-33615 Pessac, France

[38] Univ Toulouse Jean Jaures, Maison Rech, TRACES UMR 5608, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France

[39] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

[40] Aarhus Univ, Sch Culture & Soc, Dept Archaeol, DK-8270 Hojbjerg, Denmark

[41] Serv Reg Archeol Franche Comte, F-25043 Besancon, France

[42] CNRS, UMR 6249, UFR Sci & Tech, Lab Chronoenvironm, F-25030 Besancon, France

[43] Univ Tubingen, Biogeol, Dept Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany

[44] Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoenvironm, D-72072 Tubingen, Germany

[45] Univ Tubingen, Dept Early Prehist & Quaternary Ecol, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany

[46] Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci Paleoanthropol, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany

[47] Museum Anthropol & Ethnog, St Petersburg 34, Russia

[48] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Anthropol, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic

[49] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Archaeol Brno, Dolni Vestonice 69129, Czech Republic

[50] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Archaeol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada

来源：

NATURE | 2016年 / 534卷 / 7606期

基金：

俄罗斯科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会; 中国国家自然科学基金; 瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

GENOME SEQUENCE; RADIOCARBON-DATES; HUNTER-GATHERERS; NEANDERTHAL; MORPHOLOGY; CAVE; DISPERSAL; ADMIXTURE; ANCESTRY; SUGGEST;

D O I：

10.1038/nature17993

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Modern humans arrived in Europe similar to 45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming similar to 8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from similar to 45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between similar to 37,000 and similar to 14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An similar to 35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age similar to 19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after similar to 14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

引用

页码：200 / +

页数：16

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