Expression of tissue factor in prostate cancer correlates with malignant phenotype

Tissue factor (TF), apart from its established role in hemostasis, has been implicated in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis in a wide array of tumors including prostate cancer. Expression of TF was evaluated in freshly-resected prostate specimens obtained from patients with localized (n = 9) and androgen ablated (n = 6) disease using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. TF was detected in all specimens in both stages of the disease. We further analyzed for correlations between TF expression and those of several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors. TF RNA expression correlated significantly with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in these specimens (s = 0.621, P = 0.013). Eighty-one prostate specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 27), localized prostate cancer (ES, n = 32), and advanced disease (n = 22) were also evaluated using immunohistochemistry and findings were correlated with clinical parameters. TF expression was detected on epithelial cells of the malignant glands. Furthermore, its expression levels correlated significantly with Gleason score (s = 0.58, P = 0.0001) and with the stage of the disease (s = 0.441, P = 0.0001) in these specimens. These data support the role of TF in angiogenesis and disease progression.